The rail sector is witnessing significant technological advancements that are set to redefine its landscape in 2024–2025. Among these trends are the increase in commercial speeds for high-speed trains, the rise of driverless and predictive technologies, and a shift towards localized production. However, optimism around hydrogen fuel is waning.
China’s CRRC is leading the charge with its CR450 high-speed train, capable of reaching speeds of up to 450 km/h, set to begin commercial operations in 2025. This train incorporates cutting-edge technologies such as permanent magnet synchronous traction motors and lightweight composites to reduce aerodynamic resistance and enhance efficiency.
Russia is making strides in driverless rail technology, particularly in open rail environments. The country has implemented advanced driver assistance systems on trams in St. Petersburg and is trialing a Grade of Automation 3 (GoA3) system in Moscow, with full driverless operations expected by 2030.
Countries are increasingly focusing on developing domestic railway manufacturing capabilities. Initiatives like Buy America and Make in India emphasize local production, with countries like Türkiye and Iran making significant progress in developing their own rolling stock.
In freight, the adoption of onboard telematics sensor systems is enabling real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of freight operations.
While hydrogen traction has been a focus for several countries, challenges related to fuel supply and reliability are causing some to reconsider, with battery-powered solutions gaining favor as a more viable alternative.
